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Man's Search for Meaning

March 02, 2023

"Man's Search for Meaning" is a book written by Viktor E. Frankl, a psychiatrist who survived the Nazi concentration camps during World War II. The book is divided into two parts: the first is a memoir of Frankl's experiences in the concentration camps, and the second is an explanation of his psychotherapeutic approach, which he called logotherapy. In the first part of the book, Frankl describes the horrors of life in the concentration camps, including starvation, forced labor, and constant fear of death. He also reflects on the psychological impact of these experiences, including the loss of identity and sense of self, and the struggle to find meaning in life despite the extreme circumstances. In the second part of the book, Frankl explains his theory of logotherapy, which is based on the belief that human beings are driven by a need to find meaning and purpose in life. He argues that the search for meaning is a fundamental human need, and that it is possible t

Attachment Theory

February 22, 2023

John Bowlby was a British psychologist who developed the theory of attachment, which posits that infants are biologically predisposed to seek proximity to a primary caregiver, usually the mother, in order to feel secure and protected. Bowlby believed that attachment is a fundamental part of human nature, and that the quality of early attachments sets the stage for emotional development later in life. According to Bowlby's theory, there are four phases of attachment: Pre-attachment phase (birth to 6 weeks): During this phase, infants are social but don't have a specific preference for their caregiver. Attachment-in-the-making phase (6 weeks to 6-8 months): During this phase, infants begin to develop a preference for a primary caregiver and become more selective in their interactions with others. Clear-cut attachment phase (6-8 months to 1.5-2 years): During this phase, infants have formed a strong attachment to their primary caregiver and become distressed when separated f

What is verbal abuse

February 21, 2023

Verbal abuse is a form of emotional or psychological abuse in which an individual uses words, tone of voice, or other communication methods to harm, control, manipulate, or belittle another person. Verbal abuse can occur in many different forms, including insults, criticism, threats, yelling, screaming, name-calling, and gaslighting. Verbal abuse can have a significant impact on an individual's mental and emotional well-being, leading to feelings of fear, anxiety, shame, guilt, and low self-esteem. It can also result in physical symptoms, such as headaches, stomach aches, and other stress-related health issues. Verbal abuse can occur in various types of relationships, including romantic relationships, family relationships, friendships, and workplace relationships. It is important to recognize the signs of verbal abuse and seek help from a mental health professional, therapist, or other support resources if you or someone you know is experiencing verbal abuse. Here are 10

validity: types of validity

February 20, 2023

Validity refers to the extent to which a measure or test accurately measures what it is intended to measure. In other words, it is the degree to which a test or measure truly reflects the construct or concept it is designed to assess. A measure is considered valid if it measures what it is supposed to measure, and if it accurately captures the underlying construct being studied. For example, if a test is designed to measure reading comprehension, it is considered valid if it accurately measures a person's ability to understand written text. On the other hand, if the test measures something else, such as vocabulary or memory, then it would be considered less valid. Why it is important to report validity It is important to report validity in research because it helps to establish the credibility and reliability of the research findings. When a researcher reports the validity of their measures or tests, they are providing evidence that the results obtained from their research

Major approaches in contemporary psychology

February 18, 2023

Contemporary psychology is a diverse field with a wide range of approaches and perspectives. Here are some of the major approaches in contemporary psychology: 1. Cognitive Psychology: Cognitive psychology is a major approach in contemporary psychology that focuses on the study of mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making. This approach assumes that mental processes can be studied scientifically and that the mind operates in a way that is similar to a computer. Cognitive psychologists use a variety of methods to study mental processes, including experiments, computational modeling, and brain imaging techniques. One of the central theories in cognitive psychology is the information processing model, which posits that information is processed through a series of stages, including sensory input, attention, perception, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Cognitive psychologists also study how people learn, acquire kno

perception: Gestalt principles of perception

February 17, 2023

What is sensation? Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system detect and respond to sensory information from the environment. This includes the detection of stimuli such as sounds, smells, tastes, textures, and colors. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in our eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin that are designed to detect specific types of sensory information. For example, the sensory receptors in our eyes detect light, while the receptors in our ears detect sound. When a sensory receptor is stimulated, it sends a signal to the brain along a neural pathway. The brain then processes this information and creates a sensory experience, which we perceive as a sensation. Sensations can vary in intensity, duration, and quality depending on the type of stimulus, the strength of the stimulus, and the individual's sensitivity to the stimulus. For example, a loud sound may create a strong sensation of hearing, while a gentle touch may create a mild